BIRTH OF ISLAM
Bismillah al-
Hello friends, Islam is the 2nd largest religion of the world. it is very difficult to summarize in 1000 to 2000 word but for basic understanding i am creating this.
Here we deals with BIRTH OF ISLAM, what was the purpose to establish it, how it was
established, how it traveled across the world, and present situation of ISLAMIC WORLD.
THE WORLD OF ISLAM
The birth of ISLAM was in SAUDI ARABIA near HAZAR around ADAN PORT.
Since the trade between EUROPE and ASIA as on peak at that time and it was done through groups of people called KAFILA, they have no and well defined religion initially and also believer of IDOL WORSHIP. They followed TRIBAL life style and KINSHIP based society.There were very poor economic situations around this region At that time MECCA was called as CITY OF KAFILA, where MUHAMMAD SAHAB was born in 570 AD , in QURAISH TRIBE and CLAN was BANU HASHIM.
Father ABDULLA died before his birth and mother AMEENA passed away when he was 6 year old. his care was in the hand of his Uncle ABU TALIB, and he was not interested in life so ABU TALIB sold him to a rich family for work but there was a widow KHADIJA. She married to MUHAMMAD SAHAB. At the time of marriage he was only 25 years old and KHADIJA was 40 years old. He was not so well educated at that time so they started to learn from society.
He moved to DAMISHK (DAMASCUS) for some trade purpose, there he came with the contact of the two new religions CHRISTIANITY AND JUDAISM. These two religions inspired him a lot and for getting the complete knowledge of both religion he went in a meditative state. He took an isolation inside HIRA cave for months, then he realised the ULTIMATE POWER, he realised that some one again and again want to connect with him in meditative stage, then he realised that this is a message of GOD form him.
CONCEPT OF ALLAH, ANGEL, AND PAIGAMBAR IN ISLAM-
ALLAH - the ultimate reality or ultimate power
ANGEL- the messenger of ALLAH, who said the wordings of ALLAH
PAIGAMBAR- the messenger of ALLAH on earth to spread the sayings of ALLAH
QURAN - the sayings of ALLAH complied in the book called QURAN, which can never be altered.
What is written in it is supreme because these are the words of ALLAH,
DECLARATION OF PROPHET-HOOD IN ISLAM -
After getting the knowledge, MUHAMMAD SAHAB declared himself as the prophet. And started a new religion where he refused the concept of idol worship. Initially he had only 50 followers but slowly and gradually number increased.
When he was preaching the message of QURAN then initially local people refused it and started to plan kill him, so MUHAMMAD SAHAB on the suggestions of his followers, moved from MECCA to MADINA nearly 280 miles in 622 AD. This escape was called as HIJRA in ARBI, so from here the start for HIJRA CALENDAR. In MADINA also there was a great refuse of his teachings, but this time he chose to fight with his 300 hundred followers and MUHAMMAD SAHAB wins this war at BADR in 623AD. From here number of followers started to increase rapidly then from here he moved to UHUD in 627 AD and gathered 3000 followers and lastly went back to mecca and reconquered it.
Here in MECCA there is a BLACK STONE called KAABA, where he took 7 round KAABA and threw all the 360 idols of previous GOD in the ocean, and started JEHAD against idol worship. In 632 AD MUHAMMAD SAHAB died.
WHAT IS JEHAD IN ISLAM - war against crime,adharma
WHAT IS UMMAH IN ISLAM - faithful musalmaan
After the death of MUHAMMAD SAHAB his legacy continued by CALIPHS OR KHALIFA.
Initially they were PATRIARCHAL CALIPHS from 632 AD to 661 AD.
In PATRIARCHAL CALIPH there was 4 caliphs and main power was centered around MECCA.
HAZARAT ABU BAKR
HAZARAT UMAR
HAZARAT USMAN
HAZARAT ALI
Hazarat ali was son-in-law of MUHAMMAD SAHAB, so some fraction did not accepted hin as next caliph. Then governor of DAMISHK(DAMASCUS ) revolted against HAZARAT ALI and it converted into BATTLE OF KARBALA. Later supporters were called as SHIA and opponents called themselves SUNNIs The battle was faught in 661 AD, in this battle SUNNI emerged as victorious against SHIA. A huge massacre was done in this war. Son of HAZARAT ALI, HUSSEIN ALI and HASSAN ALI both were killed in this war. Sunnis make a pyramid of SHIA's heads, thats why in today's world SHIA muslims give his condolences through TAZIA, in MUHARRAM.
After this PATRIARCHAL CALIPH displaced by HEREDITARY CALIPHS.
these were also divided into 2 parts-
1. UMAYYAD CALIPHATE, from the governor of DAMISHK (DAMASCUS ), who revolted and made DAMASCUS as the center of caliphate. they continue from 661AD to 750 AD. They were mainly from SUNNI sect and used WHITE flag.
Due to a religious movement ABBASIDS came to power by defeating SUNNIs in the religious war.
2. ABBASID CALIPHATE, they were of SHIA origin and continued from 750AD to 1250AD. Their center of power was moved to BAGHDAD in PERSIA. They choose BLACK flag as their signs.
NOW these Abbasids from BAGHDAD moved in three directions-
1. To Asia minor ANATOLIA (TURKEY), then moved ahead and enter in to EASTERN EUROPE.
2. To North Africa and then enter into SOUTH-WEST EUROPE.
3. To the Central Asia then to south Asia where India is situated.
Means when they were coming to India at that time the power center of caliph was situated in central Asia, so they were ruling in India in 1206 AD as GULAM or MAMLUK DYNASTY in the name of Abbasid Caliph.
MAMLUKS- mostly central asian turks, well trained white slaves, slaves who take birth from free mother and father.
TURKISH were divided into two parts, TURKS of TURKMENISTAN and TURKS of TURKEY.
In India turks of TURKMENISTAN came.
Now from WESTERN ASIA, Abbasid Empire extends to CENTRAL ASIA and established the kingdom of GHAZNI, by MAHMUD GHAZNI and other Empire GHOR, established by MUHAMMAD GHURI then in SOUTH ASIA moved to DELHI, by QUTUBUDDIN AIBAK, as GULAM, MAMLUK, or ILBARI dynasty.
MANSOOR- These were the TURKS who served Abbasid. Since these TURKS are physically very strong and loyal to Abbasid so when they win the war for caliphs, caliph promoted them and started to give the land or area, which they win for the caliphs, to rule over the people in the name of Caliphs. This promotion was in the form of MANSOOR as letter of investiture. This was started because it was difficult for caliph to sit in Baghdad and rule over in a vast area.
KHILAT- honorary cloth by Caliph on the shoulder of those TURKS who got the land to rule.
SULTANAT- by the process of MANSOOR and KHILAT the new empire emerged. Which were called as SALTANAT and the ruler to that SALTANAT was called as SULTAN.
NOW caliph become the titular head of ISLAMIC realm, means caliph will be chief of both worldly and spiritual things, but SULTAN will be only the worldly chief.
HOW MONGOLIA CONNECTED TO ISLAM-
They were living in a landlocked country, with no any defined religion, little bit they were follower of SAMANISHTH branch of BUDDHISM, due to contact with CHINA and neighboring countries. But later they refused to accept any religion.
Initially they were looting in area nearby, by there clan's chief but later all the chiefs met in a meeting in 1206 AD and make a plan to loot and plunder in other countries. This meeting was known as KARUTALAI, meaning assembly. In this meeting a leader was chosen named TAMECHIN as KAGAN (king). Later he took the title of CHANGEZ KHAN. KHAN was a changed from of KAGAN. He ruled from 1206AD to 1227AD.
WHY CHANGEZ KHAN WAS THE MOST POWERFUL KING OF ALL THE TIME?
Because he advanced his military with cannon, stone pelting machines and decimal system of military, which was later adopted by Akbar.
After CHANGEZ his grandson HALGU KHAN attacked on Western Asian Abbasid empire, caliph of BAGHDAD. At that time AL-MUSTASID was the caliph who lost the battle and killed by HALGU KHAN in 1258 AD. HALGU burn the whole Baghdad and killed all who came in his way.
The massacre was so cruel that it takes 500 years to build BAGHDAD again.
WHAT HAPPENS AFTER DEATH OF CALIPH ?
- Between 13th to 16th century-
Now caliph divided into 3 branches-
1. Western Asian- Abbasid
2. Northern Asian- EGYPT- Fatima dynasty
3. South-West Europe- Spain - Umayyad dynasty
NOTE- In India MUHAMMAD BIN TUGALAQ and FIROZ SHAH TUGALAQ got the MANSOOR by the FATIMA dynasty.
- Between 16th to 20th century-
4 new contenders of caliph-ship-
1. Asia Minor - Turkey - Ottoman Dynasty
2. Western Asia - Persia - Safavid Dynasty
3. South Asia - India - Mughal Dynasty
4. Central Asia - Uzbekistan - Uzbek Dynasty
20th century onward except Ottoman empire all the remaining 3 collapsed. In Ottoman empire the last caliph was ABDULMEJID-II from 1922 to 1924. Then MUSTAFA KEMAL PASHA ATATURK became 1st president of TURKEY from 1923 to 1938 and made a constitution and implemented it and completely finished the caliph-ship. And declare turkey as secular state.
Then till 90 years there was no caliph in between but in 2013 ABU BAKR AL-BAGHDADI head of ISIS declared himself the 1st caliph of ISLAMIC STATE OF IRAQ and THE LEVANT (ISIL). He was killed in 2019.
ISLAMIC BELIEFS -
- Religious Text - QURAN
- Law Book - SHARIYA
- Life events of Muhammad sahab - HADITH
- Ultimate Power - ALLAH
- Only religion - ISLAM
- Only Pure Book - QURAN
- Only state - ISLAMIC STATE
- Only Community - MUSSALMAN (man with firm of faith, pure from soul and work)
- Jummah - Friday Prayer to ALLAH
- Azaan - remembering the ALLAH
- Qibla - direction towards MECCA
- KAABA - most important religious place
- Namaz - 5 time a day remember the ALLAH
- Zakat - 2.5% of earnings in grant
- Roza - fasting to feel the pain of poor.
- Haj - Pilgrim
4 SCHOOLS OF THOUGHTS-
- MALIKI SCHOOL
- SHAFIVI SCHOOL
- HANBALI SCHOOL
- HANAFI SCHOOL
This is a overview of evolution of such a great religion. This blog is not covering all the things about ISLAM but you can get an overview about ISLAM...
It was just a try. If you love it the Please share ....
THANK YOU
AMEEN..
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